What is the difference between toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics?
Toxicokinetics describes how a toxicant (i.e., a poison) enters the body and reaches a target tissue. Toxicodynamics describes what happens to that tissue once the toxicant reaches an effective dose.
What is the difference between toxicology and toxicokinetics?
The science of toxicology has evolved to include environmental and occupational chemicals as well as drugs. Toxicokinetics is thus the appropriate term for the study of the kinetics of all substances at toxic dose/exposure levels.
What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics?
Pharmacokinetics generally deals with doses that are in a therapeutic range. Thus common dose ranges will include the no pharmacologic effect level on the low end, and the maximum pharmacologic effect level on the high end. Toxicokinetics is the study of systemic exposure during toxicological experiments.
What is the concept of Toxicodynamics?
Toxicodynamics refer to the quantitative description of the effects of a toxicant on a biological system. These effects include a range of endpoints and products, ranging from the molecular level, to cells, tissues, organ systems, and life-history traits.
What are Toxidromes?
Lystrup: The word toxidrome describes a group of signs and symptoms and/or characteristic effects associated with exposure to a particular substance or class of substances. Toxidromes are analogous to groups of symptoms associated with certain medical conditions.
What are the different types of toxicology?
There are four primary types of toxicology screening:
- medical testing.
- employment drug testing.
- forensic analysis.
- athletics testing.
What do you mean by toxicokinetics?
Toxicokinetics refers to the movement and fate, also referred to as the disposition, of toxicants. The term is most commonly used when describing the time course of absorption, distribution, and elimination (including biotransformation and excretion) of toxicants in an organism.
What is TK in pharmacy?
Toxicology (TK) is the branch of pharmacology that describes the behavior and effects of drugs at supratherapeutic doses. At normal concentrations, drugs are absorbed and eliminated throughout the body based on their affinity for various enzymes, transporters, and receptors.
What is the difference between PK and PD?
The main difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is that pharmacokinetics (PK) is defined as the movement of drugs through the body, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is defined as the body’s biological response to drugs.
Why is toxicokinetics important?
The primary purpose of toxicokinetic studies is to deter mine the rate, extent and duration ofsystemic exposure of the test animal species to the test compound at the different dose levels employed during toxicity studies and to pro vide data for direct comparison with human exposure to the test compound.
What are the two types of toxicity?
The two types of toxicity are acute and chronic. Acute toxicity of a pesticide refers to the chemical’s ability to cause injury to a person or animal from a single exposure, generally of short duration. The four routes of exposure are dermal (skin), inhalation (lungs), oral (mouth), and eyes.
What are the 5 toxidromes?
A toxidrome is a group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with a toxic ingestion or exposure. There are 5 traditional toxidromes: anticholinergic, cholinergic, opioid, sympathomimetic, and sedative-hypnotic.