How cisplatin causes ototoxicity?
Current evidence indicates that cisplatin triggers the production of reactive oxygen species in target tissues in the inner ear. A variety of agents that protect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity have been successfully tested in cell culture and animal models.
Is hearing loss from cisplatin permanent?
Hearing-related side effects to this medication appear fairly common: Permanent hearing loss occurs in about half of all patients who take cisplatin, ASHA notes. It usually causes high-frequency hearing loss.
What is ototoxicity?
What Is Ototoxicity? Certain medications can damage the ear, resulting in hearing loss, ringing in the ear, or balance disorders. These drugs are considered ototoxic. There are more than 200 known ototoxic medications (prescription and over-the-counter) on the market today.
How does cisplatin work?
Cisplatin works by stopping the cancer cells from multiplying. It does this by binding together the strands of the cells’ genetic material, DNA. DNA is needed for growth and multiplication of cells. Cisplatin damages the DNA inside the cancer cells and so prevents them from multiplying.
How is cisplatin ototoxicity treated?
To summarize, the most suitable protocol for treating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is intratympanic injection to be delivered 1h before each cisplatin injection, due to superior perilymph concentrations within 1 h of administration (Chandrasekhar et al., 2000; Hargunani et al., 2006).
Is ototoxicity from cisplatin reversible?
Dose limiting side effects of cisplatin include nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. While nephrotoxicity can to some extent be reversed by increasing saline hydration as well as mannitol diuresis, there are no known cures or preventative treatments available for ototoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Why does chemo affect hearing?
About half of all chemotherapy patients are treated with a drug made with platinum, a heavy metal, they may damage the myelin sheath, the plasma membrane that forms around the nerves and protects them. The drugs also may affect the fine nerve endings inside the ears.
How does cisplatin damage hearing?
The stria vascularis helps maintain the positive electrical charge in inner ear fluid that certain cells need to detect sound. The research team determined that the accumulation of Cisplatin in the stria vascularis portion of the inner ear contributed to Cisplatin-related hearing loss.
What is gentamicin?
What is gentamicin? Gentamicin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria. Gentamicin is used to treat severe or serious bacterial infections. Gentamicin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What is the most common side effect of cisplatin?
Cisplatin may cause serious kidney problems. Tell you doctor right away if you have blood in urine, change in frequency of urination or amount of urine, difficulty in breathing, drowsiness, increased thirst, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, swelling of the feet or lower legs, or weakness.
Is cisplatin a strong chemo drug?
Presently, cisplatin is one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of ovarian cancer; even though resistance is typical [20]. In ovarian germ cell cancer, the use of cisplatin brings about high response rates [21].